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If expr1 and expr2 are equal, it returns NULL else, it returns expr1. The NULLIF function compares two arguments expr1 and expr2. WHERE rownum SELECT NVL2(JOB_CODE, 'Job Assigned', 'Bench') TO_CHAR (hire_date, 'MONTH DD, YYYY') HIRE_DATE, The query format the HIRE_DATE and SALARY columns of EMPLOYEES table using TO_CHAR function. Format models are case sensitive and must be enclosed within single quotes.Ĭonsider the below SELECT query. The TO_CHAR function is used to have Oracle 11g display dates in a particular format. For date to character conversion, the nls parameter can be used to specify the day and month names, as applicable.ĭates can be formatted in multiple formats after converting to character types using TO_CHAR function. It is an optional specification - if not available, session level nls settings will be used. TO_CHAR(number1,, )įor number to character conversion, nls parameters can be used to specify decimal characters, group separator, local currency model, or international currency model.

TO_CHAR function is used to typecast a numeric or date input to character type with a format model (optional). TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER and TO_DATE are the three functions which perform cross modification of data types. SQL Conversion functions are single row functions which are capable of typecasting column value, literal or an expression. Both the queries will give the same result because Oracle internally treats 15000 and '15000' as same. Note that the impicit interconversion happens only when the character represents the a valid number or date type value respectively.įor example, examine the below SELECT queries. Similarly, a NUMBER or DATA type value can be automatically converted to character data by Oracle server. Implicit Data Type ConversionĪ VARCHAR2 or CHAR value can be implicitly converted to NUMBER or DATE type value by Oracle. Though implicit conversion works well, but to eliminate the skew chances where bad inputs could be difficult to typecast internally. As a matter of fact, it is recommended to perform explicit conversion instead of relying on software intelligence. Besides these rules, Oracle offers type conversion functions which can be used in the queries for explicit conversion and formatting.

Implicit data type conversion works based on a matrix which showcases the Oracle's support for internal type casting. Type conversion can be either implicitly done by Oracle or explicitly done by the programmer. In such cases, Oracle implicitly tries to convert the unexpected value to a compatible data type which can be substituted in place and application continuity is not compromised. There may be scenarios where the query expects input in a specific data type, but it receives it in a different data type. Besides the SQL utility functions, Oracle inbuilt function library contains type conversion functions.

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